![]() ![]() The correctness and completeness of the SD, SFD, and P&ID drawings are crucial to the success of the start-up program. Pictorial drawings consist of visible object faces and the features lying on the faces with the internal features of the object largely hidden from view. The principal dimensions are the limits of size for the object along the three principal directions. The P&IDs are also used by the start-up organizations for preparing flushing, testing, and blowout procedures for the piping system and by the plant operators to operate the system. Piping Isometrics are a type of pictorial drawings that show the three principal dimensions of an object in one view. The first P&ID in the set for the job should contain a legend defining all symbols used if certain symbols are defined elsewhere, it may be appropriate to only reference their source. The P&ID contains a minimum amount of text in the form of notes (the system descriptions minimize the need for text on the P&ID). It accomplishes this by showing all the piping, equipment, principal instruments, instrument loops, and control interlocks. The P&ID ties together the system description, the system flow diagram, the electric control schematic, and the control logic diagram. ![]() For clarity, it is usual practice to use the same general layout of flow paths on the P&ID as used on the system flow diagram. The P&ID provides direct input to the field for the physical design and installation of field-run piping.
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